Name = Jung Soo Kim Essays - Russia, French Emperors,

name = Jung Soo Kim email = [emailprotected] distribute = yes subject = History title = Reasons on why Napoleon had lost the Campaign of 1812 papers = Please put your paper here. Napoleon's Reasons for Defeat The Campaign of 1812 ought to have been an another campaign for Napoleon, yet, he currently confronted 2 new arrangements that he had never confronted, the serious Russian winter and the infamous burned earth strategy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armee, more than 500,000 men solid, poured over the Russian fringe. An equivalent measure of Russian powers anticipated them. The consequence of the crusade was a shock. Two creators, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, appear similitudes in reasons why Napoleon had lost this crusade to Russia. Napoleon accepted that after a couple of speedy triumphant fights, he could persuade Alexander to come back to the Continental System. He likewise concluded that in the event that he involved Moscow, the Russian government would fold and request harmony. A solitary blow conveyed at the core of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will in a split second put this entire visually impaired, emotionless mass at my kindness. pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia This was his conviction he communicated in March 1812. Be that as it may, when Napoleon in the end took over Moscow, the Tsar despite everything didn't give up. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, requesting a prompt acquiescence. Be that as it may, the Tsar could not give up supposing that he did, he would be killed by the aristocrats. Clausewitz answers by saying, Napoleon couldn't get a handle on the way that Alexander would not, couldn't arrange. The Tsar knew well that he would be arranged and killed in the event that he attempted so. pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia General Clausewitz stated, Napoleon accepted in the event that he vanquished the Russian Army and involved Moscow, the Russian authority will self-destruct and the legislature would call for harmony. pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James likewise concurred that Napoleon's occupation had no outcome. The control of Napoleon in Moscow didn't have an impact on the administration. pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia With his fight plan set, Napoleon arranged his soldiers for the assault on Russia. In any case, Napoleon didn't consider the savage Russian winter which anticipated him. As per Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a passerby, he portrayed the military by saying, The French, down to the lowliest drummer were meticulous. These poor French demons were not happy with not as much as soup, meat and vegetables, cook, also, plate of mixed greens for their early afternoon feast, and there was no indication of their renowned thriftiness. They were totally without the coming winter. pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Annihilation in Russia Napoleon was even cautioned by General Rapp about the furthest points of the approaching winter in Russia. The locals state we will have an extreme winter, Napoleon answered disdainfully, Bah! You and your locals! We will perceive how fine it is. pg 147, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon ought to have noticed Rapp's words. As the Grand Armee walked toward Moscow, numerous ponies and men were lost in the freezing day off, for the individuals who remained, their spirit and adequacy was at the nadir. General Clausewitz expresses his point by saying, With more safety measure and better guidelines as to means, with progressively cautious thought of his walks, which would have forestalled the superfluous and gigantic gathering of masses on very much the same street, he would have safeguarded his military in a more successful condition. pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James additionally had a similar supposition, Napoleon seemed to have made no exertion to find the realities in Russia, or set up his soldiers for it. pg 140, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia As Napoleon and his military was advancing toward Moscow, they experienced typhus, colds, and loose bowels. Indeed, even the relentless Napoleon had gotten a gentle instance of seasonal influenza. In any case, his fighters had gotten the brunt of the assault. Commander Thomas-Joesph Aubry remembers this experience, After this the typhus made shocking advances in our positions. We were fourty-three officials in our ward. All of them kicked the bucket, consistently, and dazed from this terrifying ailment, a large portion of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian - and singing hymns, canticles, or the mass. pg 210, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia General Clausewitz composed, The awful water and the air-borne bugs caused looseness of the bowels, typhus, and the runs. pg 136, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James likewise composed, Bad water, terrible

Free Essays on Visual Arts Paper

Visual Arts Paper Fifth Avenue at Madison Square opened at The Columbus Museum of Art in 1931. It was a blessing to the exhibition hall from Ferdinand Howald. In spite of the fact that Ferdinand introduced this work of art as a blessing to the exhibition hall he wasn’t the craftsman who painted it. This image was painted by Theodore Robinson in 1894 two years before his demise. This painter just lived forty-four years from 1852 to 1896. Robinson was an American Impressionist who consumed the greater part of his time on earth abroad. He examined and prepared at different workmanship organizations between the United States and Europe. One of which was the point at which he visited Claude Monet at Giverny. He visited there quickly in 1887 and summered there much of the time till 1892. In spite of the fact that Robinson and Monet shared a warm kinship, Robinson protests being an understudy to Monet. A trait of Robinson was the he utilized photos as a primer report. This earned him signal distinctio ns for his own adjustment of impressionism. He earned this respect four years before his passing when he showed up back in the United States. Thomas Eakins was conceived in Philadelphia during 1844 and kicked the bucket in 1916 in the home where he was conceived. He didn’t get a lot of acknowledgment for his fine art till the last long stretches of his life. Thomas Eakins painted numerous photos however the one sick be examining is the painting called â€Å"The Wrestlers†. This work of art was done in 1899 as oil on canvas. This work of art also originated from a photo. Eakins got his motivation from concentrating abroad. Eakins didn’t have a lovely involvement with Europe and composed â€Å"If America is to deliver incredible painters, stay in America to peer further into the core of American life.† Though Eakins didn’t have a fruitful excursion in Europe he despite everything figured out how to turn into a very notable American painter. This artwork was bought by the gallery in 1970 by Derby Fund. The two artworks were painted oil on canvas. In the principal painting Fifth Avenue at Madison Square it ... Free Essays on Visual Arts Paper Free Essays on Visual Arts Paper Visual Arts Paper Fifth Avenue at Madison Square opened at The Columbus Museum of Art in 1931. It was a blessing to the historical center from Ferdinand Howald. In spite of the fact that Ferdinand introduced this composition as a blessing to the gallery he wasn’t the craftsman who painted it. This image was painted by Theodore Robinson in 1894 two years before his demise. This painter just lived forty-four years from 1852 to 1896. Robinson was an American Impressionist who consumed a large portion of his time on earth abroad. He contemplated and prepared at different workmanship organizations between the United States and Europe. One of which was the point at which he visited Claude Monet at Giverny. He visited there quickly in 1887 and summered there much of the time till 1892. In spite of the fact that Robinson and Monet shared a warm companionship, Robinson protests being an understudy to Monet. A trait of Robinson was the he utilized photos as a starter study. This earned him signal distinc tions for his own adjustment of impressionism. He earned this respect four years before his demise when he showed up back in the United States. Thomas Eakins was conceived in Philadelphia during 1844 and kicked the bucket in 1916 in the home wherein he was conceived. He didn’t get a lot of acknowledgment for his work of art till the last long stretches of his life. Thomas Eakins painted numerous photos yet the one sick be talking about is the painting called â€Å"The Wrestlers†. This artwork was done in 1899 as oil on canvas. This artistic creation also originated from a photo. Eakins got his motivation from concentrating abroad. Eakins didn’t have a lovely involvement with Europe and composed â€Å"If America is to create extraordinary painters, stay in America to peer further into the core of American life.† Though Eakins didn’t have an effective excursion in Europe he despite everything figured out how to turn into a very notable American painter. This work of art was bought by the exhibition hall in 1970 by Derby Fund. The two compositions were painted oil on canvas. In the principal painting Fifth Avenue at Madison Square it ...

The Death of Supply Chain Management

The Death of Supply Chain Management Instead of limiting their focus to their immediate suppliers, distributors, and customers, companies are examining the whole supply chain.It links raw material, components, and manufactured products, and also shows how they are moved toward the final consumers.Companies are looking at their suppliers’ suppliers upstream, and at their distributors’ customers downstream.Even the term supply chain can be criticized for taking a make-and-sell view of the business.It suggests that raw materials, productive inputs and factory capacity should be the starting point for market planning.A better term would be the demand chain since it suggests a “sense-end-respond” view of the market.The planning starts with considering the customer segment with certain needs, to which the company responds by organizing resources.Experts are even saying that a supply chain or demand chain view of a business is still too limited because it takes a linear or vertical view of purchaseâ€"production-consump tion activities.With the arrival of the internet, companies are forming more numerous and complex relationships with other firms.For example, Ford not only manages numerous supply chains but also sponsors or transacts on many B2B websites and exchanges as needs arise.Ford also formed a buying alliance with General Motors GM and DaimlerChrysler to obtain lover prices by aggregating orders for common requirements from auto parts suppliers.Companies recently are engaged in building and managing a continuously evolving value network.What are the trends in channel dynamics today?SUPPLY CHAIN Source: https://blogs.oracle.com/The supply chain is one of the most important company’s entities.Main goals of the supply chain, at any level, are connecting processes within products/services, and to absorb the differences between a stable supply and consumers’ needs.This allows suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers to interconnect. Synchronization along the supply chain should optimize efficiency throughout the chain.It’s a system that connects technology, processes, customers, suppliers, workers, machines, culture, metrics, risk factors, networks and facilities. Interaction of these elements dictates the quality of end results yielded as final services and products.The concept of supply management is facing strong challenges from technologies in progress, cultural and leadership shifts and also shifts in client requirements.Supply chain leaders must follow ecological, economic, political, industrial and socio-demographic trends.They should be able to determi ne if trends are negative, positive or stagnant and show the ability to respond to all of them.Along with these skills, leaders must deploy prioritized and effective strategies in response to the trends mentioned above, and efficient risk management strategies when required.But its confirmed that the supply chain meets significant threats such as needless transportation of people, information or materials, way too small inventory causing a lower sale or too large inventory waiting for materials and equipment. And these are not the only ones.Such problems can cause delays since the delivery may get late when waiting for information, materials, instructions, inspection and similar.Delays create huge cost drivers and waste of resources.This shortlist shows what companies shouldn’t do if they want to pursue and reach their goals:Producing more than necessaryProducing services and goods which don’t really meet the clients specificationTouching products too many timesUnauthorized usag e of human resources…Many people noticed that, in modern supply chain management, the inability of a business to respond fast to customer taste shifts became very common.Allegedly, a solution lies in re-engineering supply chains. That would lead to increased flexibility.Also, simplified product design, platforms, and product families are needed.“PUSH” AND “PULL” MODELSThere are two supply chain models â€" push and pull type, which is the opposites when it comes to demand and supply relationship.Commonly used “push” type is less effective and encourages wasting materials more than necessary. This model is based on making stocks and the production isn’t based on actual demand.On the contrary, the pull type represents production based on actual demand. It means that products are made to order so there is less waste in the process.This is considered to be a model of the future.As technology increases rapidly, the supply chain management is slowly converting from the trad itional first type to the modern pull type.It is based on the demand side like CRP (continuous replenishment program) and JIT (just in time).As a consequence, stocks are decreasing and products can get delivered faster.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)Supply chain management involves the coordination of all the supply activities of an organization, from its suppliers through the production of goods and services to delivery to customers.Supply chain management is a systematic approach to managing the input flow of materials, information and services from raw material suppliers through manufacturing and warehouses to the end customer.The purpose of supply chain management is to achieve integrated planning through supply chain activities.SCM involves planning and managing the flow of goods and services, information and money through the supply chain, starting from the supply of raw materials to the final products for clients.This is a continuous process that connects the procurement, produ ction and distribution activities of products from suppliers to customers.It enables regular supply, creating only the necessary stocks and eliminating the unnecessary ones.The production begins only when order is received.Efficient supply chain management is minimizing waste, cost and time in the production process.The supply chain meets the just-in-time standard where retail sales automatically signal replenishment orders to manufacturers.One way to further improve on this process is to analyze the data from supply chain partners to see where the next improvements can be made.To increase the value of the supply chain process, companies should be able to identify potential problems, optimize prices dynamically and improve the allocation of the inventory.Identifying potential problems: If a manufacturer has fewer products than then customer ordered, he can complain of bad service.Manufacturers could then, through data analyzing, anticipate the shortage right on time.Dynamic optimiza tion of price: Some products are seasonal, which means they can’t be used after the season ends or get sold at huge discounts.To meet demand, the prices of these products have to be slightly adjusted.Many companies are using this technique to improve sales.Improving the allocation of the inventory:To schedule work based on forecasts or allocate resources, managers use helpful analytical software tools.Since manufacturers are able to confirm a product/service delivery time when the order is placed, incorrectly-filled orders are reduced.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT EVOLUTIONTraditional supply chain management consists of activities such as planning, sourcing, making, delivering, returning and enabling.To establish an efficient and effective supply chain, supply chain management plans and manages the resources needed to meet buyer demand.The next step involves communication with suppliers, from finding those who can provide materials for the product to authorizing supplier payments.All ot her steps are related to organizing, accepting material, packaging, delivering products, coordinating customer orders, returning defective or unwanted products, etc.Earlier supply chains were mainly focused on the problem of availability of physical products, their movement, and cost. The situation today is quite different.Regarding the period from the beginning of the 21st century, the supply chain’s main point of view is the management of data, services, and products turned into solutions.According to IBM experts, modern supply chain management is not only about where and when. “Supply chain management affects product and service quality, delivery, costs, the customer experience and ultimately, profitability.” they said.When we take a look at the 2017 supply chain database, 50 times more data has been accessed compared to the previous 5 years period, of which less than a quarter is being analyzed.Huge amounts of data generated by the chain process were refined by data scien tists and analysts.Future supply chain leaders and the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems they manage will probably focus on optimizing the usefulness of this data â€" analyzing it in real-time with the least latency.DEATH OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTFor over a decade changes in supply chains are discussed, and many writers shared their views and opinions on the topic.There are different thoughts on how it would change in the future and how would these innovations affect companies’ flow.We found that some of them were highly against the automation, while others remained optimistic by supporting the advancement of technology.Andrew Salzman shared his view in his article from 2009. He explained why the traditional supply chain cannot survive in the new age. In his opinion, how companies deliver goods and services depends a lot on changes in global business.This is why companies have to keep track of the latest technologies and upgrades in supply chain management.SCM is facing a huge problem, which occurs when physical products reach purchasers very slow comparing to the demand pace.Customers are now able to make an order in just a few seconds, but the arrival time depends only on the vehicles and can be longer than expected.The other problem is that this model is adequate for tangible products rather than intangible ones, considering the speed of supply and demand.Such tangibility requires fresh information and feedback on a current state, mainly between globally connected manufacturers, sellers, and distributors.Different product and service qualities, organizations, time zones and many more make collaboration even harder.These days, companies must overcome problems in multi-enterprise demand-supply networks, coordinate supply chain management, and enterprise resource planning systems.It is absolutely necessary to understand how inappropriate is the current system when it comes to global connection and global outsourcing.Connecting data from multiple sy stems requires automation of some supply chain operations.To keep up the pace and support this dynamic demand-supply network needed today, companies should consider these requirements: B2B integration, business intelligence, exception and event management, and operations management, Salzman explains.Supply chain managers, planners, and decision-makers need real-time data from the market considering supply.But according to Jan Fransoo’s article, they spend too much time collecting information, which is sometimes useless since they’re found too late.“Typically they spend less than 25% (and a much lower number in manufacturing supply chains) on the decisional role: deciding on the plan, schedule, or replenishment.”The time spent on making decisions is minor compared to the other key features of the planning activities. This is caused by obsolete and limited technologies, which will soon be behind us.New digital technologies can overcome these problems by replacing the current s upply chain management with a self-regulating utility that requires very little human intervention and optimally manages workflows.Not only does it provide customers with cost-optimized convenience, but also the companies are able to improve workers’ safety by remotely controlling the whole supply chain.With a digital foundation, companies can easily access and analyze high-quality real-time data which fuels artificial intelligence, robotics and other technologies that will take over supply chain management.Some companies are already exploring these possibilities by applying such technologies on repetitive processes (for example purchasing, invoicing, parts of customer service).Leading retail companies already have professionals working in their control centers, where they can monitor the stock 24/7.Visual notifications are received when a problem occurs. Comparing to traditional supply chain management, data is fresh, accurate and easily accessible. The focus is on the customer.H owever, retail companies aren’t the only ones. Industrial companies also implement this concept.Complex manufacturing systems require customized tools for planning and prediction of the activities in a risky situation.These tools should help to overcome problems such as unexpected equipment breakdowns or missing parts of the system.Several international companies are upgrading their operations by adding central information and administration systems, along with centralized logistics operations for multiple global customers and countries.New technologies are also followed by Blockchains global platform, used to fasten up payments (virtual money).Another effective way for fast supply chain operations is e-commerce. What is e-commerce?People will do less transactional or repetitive tasks and focus more on information managing, analyzing and designing.Companies seek people who can analyze data and use digital tools or algorithms. Therefore, supply chain analysts are becoming the most wanted.It is now clear that the death of supply chain management is near.Companies and managers are working hard to upgrade their processes and skills in order to stay on top.Obviously, robotics and the newest technologies are replacing humans in some parts of supply chain management since they’re doing a job faster and better.However, there are those who don’t agree. People are still worried about how will these changes affect supply chain employees and is there some work for them to do. DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVESWhile some people accept changes that come with the new age, there are still those who highly disapprove and decide to stick with the traditional system.Some fear to lose their jobs since computers started replacing human workers in many areas.But does this crucial fight between people and computers has to end up with one side winning?In the future, human managing will probably be needed in some parts of supply chain management.Some of our skills can never be replaced by a rtificial intelligence and modern technology since there are plenty of things computers can’t do. These skills need to be upgraded.Companies still need people to monitor tasks and respond to issues.The demand for Supply chain high skilled professionals will only rise more and more. They will have more opportunities than ever before.Machines can’t negotiate supplier agreements and sign contracts, along with making decisions.They could only assist in order to shorten and speed up the process of data managing.Machines might get better at the tactics, but the strategy will perhaps remain human.The author of the Argentus article agrees by saying that supply chain management wont be dead. On the contrary, it will still exist but in a different form.Automation is present in many aspects of our lives, even the purchasing activities where it took over many jobs like those in warehouses and distribution centres, but not all. As mentioned above, humans cant be totally replaced.We need to a sk ourselves what is the cost of such technology and can we afford it.Are they bigger than the current labor costs?The answer is simple.Not only that the automation is lowering labor costs, but also allows working with huge databases and predicting risks.“This kind of visibility opens up huge opportunities, not only by lowering risk but also by letting companies become more strategic, he stated.In this new era, supply chain executives need more than ever great communication skills, judgment, and creativity. They seek greater value to share among the partners.That is the future of supply chain management, claims Chris Tyas, Senior vice president supply chain of Nestlé.In his opinion, the death of supply chain management suggests that technology like artificial intelligence will decrease the importance of supply chain management.Technology allows some simple tasks to be automated to reduce costs, but it cant innovate.Therefore, computers wont take us forward. Interpersonal skills a re needed since technology doesn’t work all on its own. Humans are necessary for this area.Tyas had also shown his optimistic approach to this modern time problem by saying that there are still big opportunities for supply chain managers.“People are needed to optimize the end-to-end supply chain and to optimize logistics as a whole. In general, we still make appalling use of vehicles, both inbound and outbound. Very few inbound vehicles are optimized for weight and cube and it becomes even worse when we go forward towards the consumer. How many different vans from different retailers deliver to different, or sometimes even the same customers in any one street? If we are going to keep logistics operating efficiently this has to change.” â€" he wrote.We can notice that supply chain managers focus mostly on cost rather than the overall profit. People often specialize in only one aspect to optimize what they can control.But this is not what we need. They should focus externally r each across the whole value chain if they want to optimize it from end to end.Tyas believes that this can only be done in a partnership where huge opportunities lie because we replace the chain with a network.This is the way the supply chain is expected to change very soon.SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORKWhy is a supply chain network so important for logistics and business managers?As previously mentioned, the supply chain network is an evolution of the traditional supply chain.It is evitable that modern companies can and should develop a supply chain into a more complex structure that involves a higher level of connectivity between organizations, constituting a supply chain network.Companies are becoming part of a larger network of organizations connected mostly by the supply chain.Nowadays, worldwide supply chain networks consist of these key areas: production centers, external suppliers, production centers, distribution centers, demand, and transport.This network includes different activitie s, people, entities, information, and resources.To build a supply chain network, companies take care of physical locations, transport vehicles, storage warehouses, logistics provider, retail stores, container ships, cargo planes and more.Strategically, a supply chain network can be designed to reduce the cost of a supply chain.Around 80% of supply chain network costs are determined by the location of facilities, along with the flow of products between them.To modify the basic supply chain, companies invest in tools and resources in order to develop an enhanced supply chain network design.That will help in reducing costs among companies. The supply chain network, as well as a traditional supply chain, is not static but continually improving and adapting the model.It must be able to deal with future uncertainties by doing risk analysis, using available information and researching of the future business environment.In order for a supply chain network to gain effectiveness and profitabi lity, all elements of the network should be coordinated. If one link breaks down, it can affect the rest of the chain and be costly to the company.

Risk Management And Management Plan - 977 Words

Risk management and need for a risk management plan. Risk is a threat of destruction, injury, liability loss or any other negative incident caused by external or internal environments. Risk is unpredicted and nobody can guess it might happen in the near future. All of the projects exist risk and the project manager is responsible to identify those risk, which is a part of risk management planning process. Risk management is the procedure of distinguishing risk and reduce risk level. The risk management methodology decides the actions, strategies, instruments, and group parts and obligations regarding a particular task. A good risk management suggests control of possible future destruction and precautions for that risk. The risk management plan represents how administration will be organized and performed on the venture. As a management procedure, risk management is utilized to identify and preserve a strategic distance from the potential cost, timetable, and implementation or specialized dangers to a framework, take a proactive and org anized way to deal with negative results. The risk management approach and arrangement operationalize these administration objectives. A risk management plan and a business are vital parts of the business coherence arrangement. By comprehension potential dangers to the business and discovering approaches to minimize their effects, this will help the business recuperate rapidly if an occurrence happens. 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The goal of a risk management plan is to then figure out how to mitigate those risks and vulnerabilities to lessen the impact on the business if ever one should arise. Creating a plan helps not only to identify any risks, but also helps to choose the best solutions available to mitigate those risks. If a risk management plan is not created and implemented, there

Essay on Montaignes Apology for Raymond Sebond - 1492 Words

Montaigne Montaigne in his Apology for Raymond Sebond begins his exploration into the human capacity for knowledge with this belief that only though God can one achieve true knowledge. God is the only infinite, all seeing, being with divine wisdom. He is not subject to the laws and rules of the human domain, and he exists in a realm outside of human comprehension. God is an unchanging, permanent being, and only from this state can the concept of truth propagate. Montaigne believes that the one tie that binds all truth is this idea of permanence. Montaigne even states, â€Å"Truth must be the same everywhere† (xxvi). He insists that the only product of humanity that has withstood the test of time and has not changed since its†¦show more content†¦Just think of what we considered the book of human knowledge today. No matter in what aspect of life one considers whether it be math, physics, biology, history, or computer science there is never really any truth. The book of knowledge is rewritten daily as new opinions enter the foray, and will never be as static or held as high as divine truth. Although we have established the fact the knowledge cannot exist from the human standpoint, it is this concept that all of mankind believes in most deeply. From a man’s perspective, it is our knowledge, which sets us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. The fact that we can communicate to each other the knowledge of our thoughts and ideas is the dividing line between man and beast. However, Montaigne is in strict disagreement with this rational and believes the only the inese sense of vanity displayed by all humanity separates men from the rest of the animals. Montaigne flatly states that, â€Å"That of all vain things, Man is the most vain; that a man who dares to presume that he knows anything, does not even know what knowledge is† (Montaigne 13). He characterizes man as being the most vain of all his creatures because he clings to this notion of knowledge and that though this attainment of knowledge he perceives himself as enlightened. Montaigne then shows the absurdity of this claim by taking a hypothetical

Vampire Academy Chapter 21 Free Essays

string(43) " was nothing compared to what hit me next\." TWENTY-ONE I’D NEVER BEEN COMPLETELY NAKED around a guy before. It scared the hell out of me – even though it excited me, too. Lying on the covers, we clung to each other and kept kissing – and kissing and kissing and kissing. We will write a custom essay sample on Vampire Academy Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now His hands and lips took possession of my body, and every touch was like fire on my skin. After yearning for him for so long, I could barely believe this was happening. And while the physical stuff felt great, I also just liked being close to him. I liked the way he looked at me, like I was the sexiest, most wonderful thing in the world. I liked the way he would say my name in Russian, murmured like a prayer: Roza, Roza†¦ And somewhere, somewhere in all of this, was that same urging voice that had driven me up to his room, a voice that didn’t sound like my own but that I was powerless to ignore. Stay with him, stay with him. Don’t think about anything else except him. Keep touching him. Forget about everything else. I listened – not that I really needed any extra convincing. The burning in his eyes told me he wanted to do a lot more than we were, but he took things slow, maybe because he knew I was nervous. His pajama pants stayed on. At one point, I shifted so that I hovered over him, my hair hanging around him. He tilted his head slightly, and I just barely caught sight of the back of his neck. I brushed my fingertips over the six tiny marks tattooed there. â€Å"Did you really kill six Strigoi?† He nodded. â€Å"Wow.† He brought my own neck down to his mouth and kissed me. His teeth gently grazed my skin, different from a vampire but every bit as thrilling. â€Å"Don’t worry. You’ll have a lot more than me someday.† â€Å"Do you feel guilty about it?† â€Å"Hmm?† â€Å"Killing them. You said in the van that it was the right thing to do, but it still bothers you. It’s why you go to church, isn’t it? I see you there, but you aren’t really into the services.† He smiled, surprised and amused I’d guessed another secret about him. â€Å"How do you know these things? I’m not guilty exactly†¦just sad sometimes. All of them used to be human or dhampir or Moroi. It’s a waste, that’s all, but as I said before, it’s something I have to do. Something we all have to do. Sometimes it bothers me, and the chapel is a good place to think about those kinds of things. Sometimes I find peace there, but not often. I find more peace with you.† He rolled me off of him and moved on top of me again. The kissing picked up once more, harder this time. More urgent. Oh God, I thought. I’m finally going to do it. This is it. I can feel it. He must have seen the decision in my eyes. Smiling, he slid his hands behind my neck and unfastened Victor’s necklace. He set it on the bedside table. As soon as the chain left his fingers, I felt like I’d been slapped in the face. I blinked in surprise. Dimitri must have felt the same way. â€Å"What happened?† he asked. â€Å"I-I don’t know.† I felt like I was trying to wake up, like I’d been asleep for two days. I needed to remember something. Lissa. Something with Lissa. My head felt funny. Not pain or dizziness, but†¦the voice, I realized. The voice urging me toward Dimitri was gone. That wasn’t to say I didn’t want him anymore because hey, seeing him there in those sexy pajama bottoms, with that brown hair spilling over the side of face was pretty fine. But I no longer had that outside influence pushing me to him. Weird. He frowned, no longer turned on. After several moments of thought, he reached over and picked up the necklace. The instant his fingers touched it, I saw desire sweep over him again. He slid his other hand onto my hip, and suddenly, that burning lust slammed back into me. My stomach went queasy while my skin started to prickle and grow warm again. My breathing became heavy. His lips moved toward mine again. Some inner part of me fought through. â€Å"Lissa,† I whispered, squeezing my eyes shut. â€Å"I have to tell you something about Lissa. But I can’t†¦remember†¦I feel so strange†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I know.† Still holding onto me, he rested his cheek against my forehead. â€Å"There’s something†¦something here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He pulled his face away, and I opened my eyes. â€Å"This necklace. That’s the one Prince Victor gave you?† I nodded and could see the sluggish thought process trying to wake up behind his eyes. Taking a deep breath, he removed his hand from my hip and pushed himself away. â€Å"What are you doing?† I exclaimed. â€Å"Come back†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked like he wanted to – very badly – but instead he climbed out of the bed. He and the necklace moved away from me. I felt like he’d ripped part of me away, but at the same time, I had that startling sensation of waking up, like I could think clearly once more without my body making all the decisions. On the other hand, Dimitri still wore a look of animal passion on him, and it seemed to take a great deal of effort for him to walk across the room. He reached the window and managed to open it one-handed. Cold air blasted in, and I rubbed my hands over my arms for warmth. â€Å"What are you going to – ?† The answer hit me, and I sprang out of bed, just as the necklace flew out the window. â€Å"No! Do you know how much that must have – ?† The necklace disappeared, and I no longer felt like I was waking up. I was awake. Painfully, startlingly so. I took in my surroundings. Dimitri’s room. Me naked. The rumpled bed. But all that was nothing compared to what hit me next. You read "Vampire Academy Chapter 21" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Lissa!† I gasped out. It all came back, the memories and the emotions. And, in fact, her held-back emotions suddenly poured into me – at staggering levels. More terror. Intense terror. Those feelings wanted to suck me back into her body, but I couldn’t let them. Not quite yet. I fought against her, needing to stay here. With the words coming out in a rush, I told Dimitri everything that had happened. He was in motion before I finished, putting on clothes and looking every bit like a badass god. Ordering me to get dressed, he tossed me a sweatshirt with Cyrillic writing on it to wear over the skimpy dress. I had a hard time following him downstairs; he made no effort to slow for me this time. Calls were made when we got there. Orders shouted. Before long, I ended up in the guardians’ main office with him. Kirova and other teachers were there. Most of the campus’s guardians. Everyone seemed to speak at once. All the while, I felt Lissa’s fear, felt her moving farther and farther away. I yelled at them to hurry up and do something, but no one except Dimitri would believe my story about her abduction until someone retrieved Christian from the chapel and then verified Lissa really wasn’t on campus. Christian staggered in, supported by two guardians. Dr. Olendzki appeared shortly thereafter, checking him out and wiping blood away from the back of his head. Finally, I thought, something would happen. â€Å"How many Strigoi were there?† one of the guardians asked me. â€Å"How in the world did they get in?† muttered someone else. I stared. â€Å"Wh – ? There weren’t any Strigoi.† Several sets of eyes stared at me. â€Å"Who else would have taken her?† asked Ms. Kirova primly. â€Å"You must have seen it wrong through the†¦vision.† â€Å"No. I’m positive. It was†¦they were†¦guardians.† â€Å"She’s right,† mumbled Christian, still under the doctor’s ministrations. He winced as she did something to the back of his head. â€Å"Guardians.† â€Å"That’s impossible,† someone said. â€Å"They weren’t school guardians.† I rubbed my forehead, fighting hard to keep from leaving the conversation and going back to Lissa. My irritation grew. â€Å"Will you guys get moving? She’s getting farther away!† â€Å"You’re saying a group of privately retained guardians came in and kidnapped her?† The tone in Kirova’s voice implied I was playing some kind of joke. â€Å"Yes,† I replied through gritted teeth. â€Å"They†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Slowly, carefully, I slipped my mental restraint and flew into Lissa’s body. I sat in a car, an expensive car with tinted windows to keep out most of the light. It might be â€Å"night† here, but it was full day for the rest of the world. One of the guardians from the chapel drove; another sat beside him in the front – one I recognized. Spiridon. In the back, Lissa sat with tied hands, another guardian beside her, and on the other side – â€Å"They work for Victor Dashkov,† I gasped out, focusing back on Kirova and the others. â€Å"They’re his.† â€Å"Prince Victor Dashkov?† asked one of the guardians with a snort. Like there was any other freaking Victor Dashkov. â€Å"Please,† I moaned, hands clutching my head. â€Å"Do something. They’re getting so far away. They’re on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A brief image, seen outside the car window, flared in my vision. â€Å"Eighty-three. Headed south.† â€Å"Eighty-three already? How long ago did they leave? Why didn’t you come sooner?† My eyes turned anxiously to Dimitri. â€Å"A compulsion spell,† he said slowly. â€Å"A compulsion spell put into a necklace he gave her. It made her attack me.† â€Å"No one can use that kind of compulsion,† exclaimed Kirova. â€Å"No one’s done that in ages.† â€Å"Well, someone did. By the time I’d restrained her and taken the necklace, a lot of time had passed,† Dimitri continued, face perfectly controlled. No one questioned the story. Finally, finally, the group moved into action. No one wanted to bring me, but Dimitri insisted when he realized I could lead them to her. Three details of guardians set out in sinister black SUVs. I rode in the first one, sitting in the passenger seat while Dimitri drove. Minutes passed. The only times we spoke was when I gave a report. â€Å"They’re still on Eighty-three†¦but their turn is coming. They aren’t speeding. They don’t want to get pulled over.† He nodded, not looking at me. He most definitely was speeding. Giving him a sidelong glance, I replayed tonight’s earlier events. In my mind’s eye, I could see it all again, the way he’d looked at me and kissed me. But what had it been? An illusion? A trick? On the way to the car, he’d told me there really had been a compulsion spell in the necklace, a lust one. I had never heard of such a thing, but when I’d asked for more information, he just said it was a type of magic earth users once practiced but never did anymore. â€Å"They’re turning,† I said suddenly. â€Å"I can’t see the road name, but I’ll know when we’re close.† Dimitri grunted in acknowledgment, and I sank further into my seat. What had it all meant? Had it meant anything to him? It had definitely meant a lot to me. â€Å"There,† I said about twenty minutes later, indicating the rough road Victor’s car had turned off on. It was unpaved gravel, and the SUV gave us an edge over his luxury car. We drove on in silence, the only sound coming from the crunching of the gravel under the tires. Dust kicked up outside the windows, swirling around us. â€Å"They’re turning again.† Farther and farther off the main routes they went, and we followed the whole time, led by my instructions. Finally, I felt Victor’s car come to a stop. â€Å"They’re outside a small cabin,† I said. â€Å"They’re taking her – â€Å" â€Å"Why are you doing this? What’s going on?† Lissa. Cringing and scared. Her feelings had pulled me into her. â€Å"Come, child,† said Victor, moving into the cabin, unsteady on his cane. One of his guardians held the door open. Another pushed Lissa along and settled her into a chair near a small table inside. It was cold in here, especially in the pink dress. Victor sat across from her. When she started to get up, a guardian gave her a warning look. â€Å"Do you think I’d seriously hurt you?† â€Å"What did you do to Christian?† she cried, ignoring the question. â€Å"Is he dead? â€Å"The Ozera boy? I didn’t mean for that to happen. We didn’t expect him to be there. We’d hoped to catch you alone, to convince others you’d run away again. We’d made sure rumors already circulated about that.† We? I recalled how the stories had resurfaced this week†¦from Natalie. â€Å"Now?† He sighed, spreading his hands wide in a helpless gesture. â€Å"I don’t know. I doubt anyone will connect it to us, even if they don’t believe you ran away. Rose is the biggest liability. We’d intended to†¦dispatch her, letting others think she’d run away as well. The spectacle she created at your dance made that impossible, but I had another plan in place to make sure she stays occupied for some time†¦probably until tomorrow. We will have to contend with her later.† He hadn’t counted on Dimitri figuring out the spell. He’d figured we’d be too busy getting it on all night. â€Å"Why?† asked Lissa. â€Å"Why are you doing all this?† His green eyes widened, reminding her of her father’s. They might be distant relatives, but that jade-green color ran in both the Dragomirs and the Dashkovs. â€Å"I’m surprised you even have to ask, my dear. I need you. I need you to heal me.† How to cite Vampire Academy Chapter 21, Essay examples

Salem Witch Trials Informative Essay free essay sample

While these trials were taking place the judges and jurors would torture the accused â€Å"witches† until they would confess, once they confessed they would spare their lives and imprison. If they continued to claim to be innocent they were hung from Gallows Hill, just outside of Salem, Massachusetts, changing our judicial system forever. (Goss, 2008) One of the first women to be accused of witchcraft in Salem was a slave of the Parris family, Tituba. She was the first to be accused and the first to confess to witchcraft after being severely beaten by Samuel Parris. Tituba was an easier target to accuse of witchcraft because she was a slave and not of much importance. After Tituba was accused, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, who were also of low statute and accused of witchcraft, were immediately arrested, interrogated, and tortured in attempt to get them to confess to dealing with the devil. These women all tried to plea their innocence but the girls all acted out, displaying terrible behaviors such as thrashing themselves on the floor, mimicking the accused, and even screaming out in pain until the accused person would admit to witchcraft. The people of Salem were swallowed up by the impact these young girls, ages twelve to twenty, were having upon finding witches and wizards within the community. The jurors would just falsely accuse these people without any real hard evidence. The judges and jurors would sentence people to death just by having spectral evidence against them. (Blumburg, 2007) Soon after Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne were tried, an increasing number of people in the community started to become accused, putting neighbors against neighbors. Abigail Williams, one of the ten afflicted girls, claimed to be tormented by the specter of Rebecca Nurse, a very well respected woman of Salem. After this accusation against Rebecca, she was arrested and brought in for questioning and many more respected women throughout the community were starting to be accused for tormenting the â€Å"afflicted girls† and other members of the community. Soon after Rebecca Nurse was examined and questioned, four more people were accused and arrested- Giles Cory, Abigail Hobbs, Mary Warren, and Bridget Bishop. Bridget Bishop was the first victim to be executed for witchcraft practices. (Goss, 2008) In an attempt to find people as innocent or guilty of witchcraft the Judges would order the accused men and women to strip naked and be shaved everywhere on their bodies, including their genitals, and would have them searched for â€Å"Witches Teats. † These were often moles or natural blemishes of the skin. This was believed to be one of the best ways to identify a witch; they were believed to be the â€Å"Devils Mark,† a place where the devil had kissed the supposed witches (Sargent, 2002). Another method they would use to try and prove if one were a Witch was tying their hands behind backs and throwing them in water. If the accused sank, he or she was not a witch, but if they floated they were believed him or her to be a witch. People thought this because it was said that if a witch burned, she was made from wood. Therefore, she would float just like wood would. (Wenkler) May 10, 1692 Sarah Osborne became the first woman to die in prison from torture. Soon after, Sir William Phips became governor of Massachusetts. Phips commissioned a special court to hear and determine the pending witchcraft cases. Governor Phips appointed seven justices to serve on the Court, and named William Stoughton as the Chief Justice and Deputy Governor on May 27, 1692. About two weeks after Stoughton was appointed, his first decision as Chief Justice and Deputy Governor was to sentence and execute Bridget Bishop on June 10, 1692. Bridget was the first of many to be wrongly executed on Gallows Hill. (Goss, 2008) On July 19, 1692 the first group of victims, Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, and Sarah Wildes were executed by hanging on Gallows Hill right outside of Salem. On August 5, 1692 George Jacobs stood trial, claiming his innocence of witchcraft, but his granddaughter, Margret, a confessed witch of Salem, testified against him. She soon retracted her testimony against her grandfather, feeling guilty, but it was too late because August 19, 1692 was the second execution day. The second group of victims- John and Elizabeth Proctor, John Willard, Martha Carrier and Reverend George Burroughs- were hung on Gallows Hill, Salem. The bodies of the executed were not believed to be Christians anymore and were not allowed proper Christian burials. But were all just thrown into shallow graves near where they were executed. (Goss, 2008) After these executions, Mary Eastey wrote and submitted a petition to the courts, â€Å"No more innocent blood shall be (Blumburg, 2007). There were thirty-nine people who signed that petition and many of them were then accused of witchcraft, but most of them were found innocent. On September 19, 1692 Giles Cory was charged with witchcraft and brought to stand trial in Salem. Cory refused to make a plea, an act to prevent his trial, and was then subjected to the torture of â€Å"pressing. This method of torture took two days of piling rocks on top of a wooden board placed on his body before it took his life. A few days after Giles Cory was killed, September 22, 1692, was the third and final execution day of witches in Salem. The victims Martha Cory, Mary Eastey, Alice Parker, Ann Pudeater, Margaret Scott, Wilmot Redd, Samuel Wardwell, and Mary Parker were hung on Gallows Hill. (Goss, 2008) Almo st all of the executions took place because of the testimony of the ten â€Å"afflicted girls† of Salem. These girls, aging from twelve to twenty sent almost 100 people to prison or to their deaths because of their accusations. On October 8, 1692 Thomas Brattle issued a challenge of the court in â€Å"A letter to a Reverend Gentleman. † He questioned the wisdom of accepting the testimonies of the â€Å"afflicted girls. † When Phips received this letter he shut down the Salem Court. Accusations continued to be made throughout Massachusetts, but were met with a new public response and most accusations were withdrawn. Governor Phips forbade the use of spectral evidence, which then nullified the testimonies of the â€Å"afflicted girls. In May of 1663 Governor Phips received instructions from England to discontinue the trials and put an end to all proceedings of witchcraft. All who were condemned in jail were pardoned and released. On December 17, 1696 Governor William Stoughton issued a proclamation declaring a colony-wide day of fasting and prayer â€Å"so that God’ s people may offer up fervent supplications [to God] that all iniquity may be put away which hath stirred God’s Holy jealousy against this land†¦referring to the late tragedy, raised among us by Satan†¦through the awful judgment of God† (Goss, 2008). The Salem Witch Trials changed our judicial system. Many people were wrongly accused of Witchcraft and killed or imprisoned because of spectral evidence and the thought that you are guilty until proven innocent. We now look at our judicial system as innocent until proven guilty. People must have actual proven evidence and testimonies. I believe we as Americans have definitely come a long way with being fair to those wrongly accused. Bibliography Blumburg, J. (2007). http://www. smithsonianmag. com/history-archaeology/brief-salem. html? =yamp;story=fullstory. smithsonianmag. com, 1. Retrieved from www. smithsonianmag. com. Goss, K. D. (2008). The Salem Witch Trials. In K. D. Goss, The Salem Witch Trials (pp. 1-183). Westport: Greenwood Press. Sargent, J. (Director). (2002). The Salem Witch Trials [Motion Picture]. Wenkler, P. (n. d. ). http://education. nationalgeographic. com/education/media/salem-witch-trials-interactive/? ar_a=1. Retrieved from National Geographic: http://education . nationalgeographic. com/education/media/salem-witch-trials-interactive/? ar_a=1